Debian11安装Docker及docker-compose教程（国内版）

前言

最近买了华为云的机器，在安装docker上琢磨了好久，因为是国内机器，所以涉及到更换源和下载docker-compose，期间踩了不少坑，最后也是完美将Docker和docker-compose跑起来了。这边我也把我的搭建方法发出来，供大家参考，交流学习一下。

打个小广告，需要购买服务器的，可以光顾一下本小店，看有没有看得上的机器：朝晞云

系统环境

我这边用的是Debian11，想知道你的系统是什么，参考以下步骤

# 查看系统版本
> cat /etc/os-release
PRETTY_NAME="Debian GNU/Linux 11 (bullseye)"
NAME="Debian GNU/Linux"
VERSION_ID="11"
VERSION="11 (bullseye)"
VERSION_CODENAME=bullseye
ID=debian
HOME_URL="https://www.debian.org/"
SUPPORT_URL="https://www.debian.org/support"
BUG_REPORT_URL="https://bugs.debian.org/
# 查看系统版本
> cat /etc/os-release
PRETTY_NAME="Debian GNU/Linux 11 (bullseye)"
NAME="Debian GNU/Linux"
VERSION_ID="11"
VERSION="11 (bullseye)"
VERSION_CODENAME=bullseye
ID=debian
HOME_URL="https://www.debian.org/"
SUPPORT_URL="https://www.debian.org/support"
BUG_REPORT_URL="https://bugs.debian.org/
# 查看系统版本
> cat /etc/os-release
PRETTY_NAME="Debian GNU/Linux 11 (bullseye)"
NAME="Debian GNU/Linux"
VERSION_ID="11"
VERSION="11 (bullseye)"
VERSION_CODENAME=bullseye
ID=debian
HOME_URL="https://www.debian.org/"
SUPPORT_URL="https://www.debian.org/support"
BUG_REPORT_URL="https://bugs.debian.org/

使用apt源进行安装

# 添加Docker官方GPG密钥
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install ca-certificates curl gnupg software-properties-common
sudo install -m 0755 -d /etc/apt/keyrings
# 2024/08/05更新，阿里云限速了，拉取很慢，不推荐，切换为华为云
curl -fsSL https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/docker-ce/linux/debian/gpg | sudo apt-key add -
sudo add-apt-repository "deb [arch=amd64] https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/docker-ce/linux/debian $(lsb_release -cs) stable"
###### 阿里云镜像源，限速不推荐
curl -fsSL https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/debian/gpg | sudo apt-key add -
sudo add-apt-repository "deb [arch=amd64] https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/debian $(lsb_release -cs) stable"
######
sudo apt-get update
# 添加Docker官方GPG密钥
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install ca-certificates curl gnupg software-properties-common
sudo install -m 0755 -d /etc/apt/keyrings

# 2024/08/05更新，阿里云限速了，拉取很慢，不推荐，切换为华为云
curl -fsSL https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/docker-ce/linux/debian/gpg | sudo apt-key add -
sudo add-apt-repository "deb [arch=amd64] https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/docker-ce/linux/debian $(lsb_release -cs) stable"


###### 阿里云镜像源，限速不推荐
curl -fsSL https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/debian/gpg | sudo apt-key add -
sudo add-apt-repository "deb [arch=amd64] https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/debian $(lsb_release -cs) stable"
######


sudo apt-get update
# 添加Docker官方GPG密钥
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install ca-certificates curl gnupg software-properties-common
sudo install -m 0755 -d /etc/apt/keyrings

# 2024/08/05更新，阿里云限速了，拉取很慢，不推荐，切换为华为云
curl -fsSL https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/docker-ce/linux/debian/gpg | sudo apt-key add -
sudo add-apt-repository "deb [arch=amd64] https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/docker-ce/linux/debian $(lsb_release -cs) stable"


###### 阿里云镜像源，限速不推荐
curl -fsSL https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/debian/gpg | sudo apt-key add -
sudo add-apt-repository "deb [arch=amd64] https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/debian $(lsb_release -cs) stable"
######


sudo apt-get update

安装docker-ce

apt-get install -y docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io docker-compose-plugin
# 验证安装是否成功
docker -v
apt-get install -y docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io docker-compose-plugin
# 验证安装是否成功
docker -v
apt-get install -y docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io docker-compose-plugin
# 验证安装是否成功
docker -v

配置docker国内镜像和参数设置

因为是国内机器，不改镜像源的话，下载镜像会很慢，还会遇到各种超时问题

执行命令

vim /etc/docker/daemon.json
vim /etc/docker/daemon.json
vim /etc/docker/daemon.json

添加下面内容到daemon.json中

{
    "registry-mirrors": [
    "https://ccr.ccs.tencentyun.com",
    "https://docker.rainbond.cc",
    "https://elastic.m.daocloud.io",
    "https://elastic.m.daocloud.io",
    "https://docker.m.daocloud.io",
    "https://gcr.m.daocloud.io",
    "https://ghcr.m.daocloud.io",
    "https://k8s-gcr.m.daocloud.io",
    "https://k8s.m.daocloud.io",
    "https://mcr.m.daocloud.io",
    "https://nvcr.m.daocloud.io",
    "https://quay.m.daocloud.io"
    ],
    "log-driver": "json-file",
    "log-opts": {
        "max-size": "10m",
        "max-file": "3"
    }
}
{
    "registry-mirrors": [
    "https://ccr.ccs.tencentyun.com",
    "https://docker.rainbond.cc",
    "https://elastic.m.daocloud.io",
    "https://elastic.m.daocloud.io",
    "https://docker.m.daocloud.io",
    "https://gcr.m.daocloud.io",
    "https://ghcr.m.daocloud.io",
    "https://k8s-gcr.m.daocloud.io",
    "https://k8s.m.daocloud.io",
    "https://mcr.m.daocloud.io",
    "https://nvcr.m.daocloud.io",
    "https://quay.m.daocloud.io"
    ],
    "log-driver": "json-file",
    "log-opts": {
        "max-size": "10m",
        "max-file": "3"
    }
}
{
    "registry-mirrors": [
    "https://ccr.ccs.tencentyun.com",
    "https://docker.rainbond.cc",
    "https://elastic.m.daocloud.io",
    "https://elastic.m.daocloud.io",
    "https://docker.m.daocloud.io",
    "https://gcr.m.daocloud.io",
    "https://ghcr.m.daocloud.io",
    "https://k8s-gcr.m.daocloud.io",
    "https://k8s.m.daocloud.io",
    "https://mcr.m.daocloud.io",
    "https://nvcr.m.daocloud.io",
    "https://quay.m.daocloud.io"
    ],
    "log-driver": "json-file",
    "log-opts": {
        "max-size": "10m",
        "max-file": "3"
    }
}

• registry-mirrors中配置了docker镜像加速地址
• log-driver设置将日志写入json-file
• 默认值 log-opts设置了日志大小，max-size=10m，意味着一个容器日志大小上限是10M， max-file=3，意味着一个容器有三个日志，分别是id+.json、id+1.json、id+2.json

设置完成后重启docker

systemctl restart docker
# 验证是否设置成功
docker info
systemctl restart docker
# 验证是否设置成功
docker info
systemctl restart docker
# 验证是否设置成功
docker info

拉取个镜像测试

# 使用 time 统计所花费的总时间
time docker pull nginx:latest
# 创建一个新的容器测试下
docker run --rm nginx:latest
# 使用 time 统计所花费的总时间
time docker pull nginx:latest
# 创建一个新的容器测试下
docker run --rm nginx:latest
# 使用 time 统计所花费的总时间
time docker pull nginx:latest
# 创建一个新的容器测试下
docker run --rm nginx:latest

安装docker-compose（可选）

sudo curl -L "https://github.com/docker/compose/releases/download/v2.23.3/docker-compose-linux-x86_64" -o /usr/local/bin/docker-compose
chmod +x /usr/local/bin/docker-compose
# 验证安装
docker-compose --help
sudo curl -L "https://github.com/docker/compose/releases/download/v2.23.3/docker-compose-linux-x86_64" -o /usr/local/bin/docker-compose
chmod +x /usr/local/bin/docker-compose
# 验证安装
docker-compose --help
sudo curl -L "https://github.com/docker/compose/releases/download/v2.23.3/docker-compose-linux-x86_64" -o /usr/local/bin/docker-compose
chmod +x /usr/local/bin/docker-compose
# 验证安装
docker-compose --help

如果你用上面的命令从github下载不下来docker-compose，那就需要手动下载，参考下面的教程

https://github.com/docker/compose/releases离线下载linux-x86_64 执行包docker-compose-linux-x86_64

下载完放到服务器

将其执行文件改名放到/usr/local/bin下

sudo mv docker-compose-Linux-x86_64 /usr/local/bin/docker-compose
sudo chmod +x /usr/local/bin/docker-compose
docker-compose --version
sudo mv docker-compose-Linux-x86_64 /usr/local/bin/docker-compose
sudo chmod +x /usr/local/bin/docker-compose
docker-compose --version
sudo mv docker-compose-Linux-x86_64 /usr/local/bin/docker-compose
sudo chmod +x /usr/local/bin/docker-compose
docker-compose --version

如果显示不对或版本没更新有两种可能

①确保删除旧版本并重新移动新版本，更改符号链接

sudo rm /usr/bin/docker-compose
sudo rm /usr/local/bin/docker-compose
sudo mv docker-compose-Linux-x86_64 /usr/local/bin/docker-compose
sudo chmod +x /usr/local/bin/docker-compose
sudo ln -s /usr/local/bin/docker-compose /usr/bin/docker-compose
sudo rm /usr/bin/docker-compose
sudo rm /usr/local/bin/docker-compose
sudo mv docker-compose-Linux-x86_64 /usr/local/bin/docker-compose
sudo chmod +x /usr/local/bin/docker-compose
sudo ln -s /usr/local/bin/docker-compose /usr/bin/docker-compose
sudo rm /usr/bin/docker-compose
sudo rm /usr/local/bin/docker-compose
sudo mv docker-compose-Linux-x86_64 /usr/local/bin/docker-compose
sudo chmod +x /usr/local/bin/docker-compose
sudo ln -s /usr/local/bin/docker-compose /usr/bin/docker-compose

②没有写入环境变量读取

vim ~/.bashrc
export PATH="/usr/local/bin:$PATH"
source ~/.bashrc
vim ~/.bashrc
export PATH="/usr/local/bin:$PATH"
source ~/.bashrc
vim ~/.bashrc
export PATH="/usr/local/bin:$PATH"
source ~/.bashrc

最后查看版本docker-compose –version 大功告成！